Bone Marrow Open Access

Bone homeostasis is regulated through osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocyte. Osteoblasts are differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and stimulate bone formation and calcification. Osteoclasts are developed from hematopoietic progenitors and promote bone resorption. The physiologic process of bone turnover through these bone cells underpins the development and maintenance of the skeletal system. This process is dexterously regulated through various physiological systems including hormones, cytokines, and bone marrow environments. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells, which among other cell lineages that can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myoblasts (heart cells) and adipocytes (fat cells).